Ethical indecency and fineness have paramount importance in ethics. If it is denied, ethics will be considered relative. In this article, its definitions and aspects will be discussed using the Islamic sources.The data have been collected from reliable Islamic sources and search engines such as Yahoo, Google, and Iran Medex using key words such as innate goodness and badness, ethical indecency and fineness and rational deductions.The five found definitions are "compatibility and incompatibility with habitude", "aims agreement", "perfection and imperfection", admiration and criticism and innate tendencies. Human humors can be defined as brutal humor and spiritual humor. The first definition doesn’t give us a scale to differentiate ethical from unethical issues and the second one can t prove spiritual deeds comprehensively; unless its correctness has been accepted. The aims have three types: individual aims, common aims and favorable aims. Individual aims lead to ethical chaos but common aims can support ethics. Common aims neither clarify the essence of an action nor concern innate "goodness and badness". They are really the explanations for reasonable indecency or fineness. Favorable aims seek God's satisfaction and need good intends. Perfection and imperfection is actually another expression for compatibility with humor. "Admiration and criticism" is the only definition of optional conducts. It is defined as "appropriateness of admiration and criticism", "order of admiration and criticism", "having capability to be admired or criticized", "admiration and criticism by themselves" and "the wise opinions for admiration or criticism". Innate tendencies are another explanation for compatibility with humor.In defining ethical indecency and fineness, we should consider standards with ethical applications like compatibility with celestial humor, perfection and imperfection, innate tendencies and common aims.

This paper reports on the effect of fiber crimp frequency on sound absorption capability of staple polypropylene nonwoven batts. Stuffer box was used to impart crimp to spun tow. Crimping of the tow renders the fibers the required textile applicability. In this work, polypropylene batts composed of staple fibers with linear densities of 9, 14, and 18 denier were employed. Three crimp frequency namely low, medium and high were imparted to fibers of each denier group. Impedance tube method with sound frequencies in the range of 250 – 4000 Hz was employed to measure the sound absorption coefficient of the batts. The results showed sound absorption properties of fibrous batts were affected by fiber crimp frequency, fiber fineness and web thickness. The highest sound absorption coefficient for the 9, 14 and 18 denier batts was 78.90, 77.14 and 71.18, respectively. The crimp frequency of the fibers making these batts was 1.9, 2.3 and 3.6 crimp per cm, respectively. It was found that higher crimp frequency along the fibers of the batts lead to higher sound absorption capacity. Finally, the highest sound absorption coefficient was recorded for the web with finest fibers and highest crimp frequency.

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of glass-fiber on the flexural strength of composite resins.Methods & Materials: The study was done experimentally in which flexural strength of glass - fiber reinforced composite resins were assessed with a three-point load test on 22 samples. 11 samples of composite resin blocks and 11 samples of composite resins reinforced with glass- fiber were prepared in a mold of 25x6x2mm and stored in 100% of moisture for one month, until they were ready for testing in an Instron Universal Testing Machine using a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Student t test was used for statistical analysis.Result: Flexural strength in the first group was 22.39±3.38 MPa and in second group was 29.74±2.36 MPa. According to t test analysis, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. (P<0.01).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the flexural strength of the fiber-reinforced composite made from glass - fibers was more than composite resin.

Introduction: Reduced availability of water resources in many arid countries including Iran, particularly in response to the indiscriminate harvesting of water reservoirs and climate change, has created concerns. Therefore, the sustainable use of water resources especially in agriculture is a necessity for these countries. Strategies such as deficit irrigation and superabsorbent application are two important ways for improving water use efficiency in agricultural lands. In deficit irrigation the crop must be irrigated less than its required water. Therefore, some reduction may occur in crop yield, but the savings in water will improve the water use efficiency (Akbari Nodehi, 2011). Superabsorbent polymers also increase the nutrients and water holding capacity of soil for a long time and thereby reduce crop water requirement. However, the effectiveness of these materials could be affected by dehydration frequencies, temperature and irrigation water quality (Karimi et al., 2009). Due to the limitation of water resources in many parts of Iran, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of cotton production under deficit irrigation along with application of different rates of superabsorbent. In addition, simulation of superabsorbent efficiency at different levels of salinity, temperature and dehydration frequencies (swelling and de-swelling) were the other objectives in this study.Materials and methods: 1. Laboratory experiments In these experiments the effects of temperature (4, 10, 20, 30 and 40oC), salinity (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% NaCl solutions at two temperatures of 10 and 25oC) and frequency of partial dehydration (from 1 to 5 stages watering and 70% dewatering) were simulated on water absorption capacity of superabsorbent polymer at laboratory of environmental stresses, Sarayan Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University.2- Field experiment This experiment was designed at Research Station of Sarayan Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Iran, during 2014. The experiment was carried out as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Study factors were consisted of different levels of superabsorbent (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg.ha-1) and deficit irrigation [irrigation intervals of 12 (control), 15 and 18 days equal to  ~120, 155 and 190 mm evaporation from pan, respectively]. Seeds of cotton (Khordad cultivar) were sown in 20 June, with 60×25 cm distances in 3×4 m plots. The harvesting of cotton was performed at three times on 27 Oct, 10 Nov and 17 Nov. At the end of experimental period the yield and quality indices of produced fibers including fiber length, uniformity index, strength, elasticity, fineness (micronaire), brightness, yellowing, ripening ratio and short fibers percentages were measured. Finally, statistical analysis was employed by using the Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% level of probability.Results and discussion: Results of laboratory experiments showed that salinity had considerable negative effects on water absorption capacity of superabsorbent in both 10 and 25oC temperatures. The amount of water absorbed by superabsorbent reduced by 73% and 85% by increasing salinity from 0 to 0.25% and to 1%, respectively. In addition, the effect of temperature changes was significant on the water absorption capacity of superabsorbent. The highest value of water absorbed by the superabsorbent was obtained at 20oC treatment. The amounts of water absorbed at 20oC, were 8% and 13% higher than 4oC and 40oC, respectively. In similar study it has been concluded that swelling of polyaspartic acid hydrogels decreased when the temperature of the aqueous media increased from 25oC to 60oC (Zhao et al., 2005). The amounts of water absorption ability of superabsorbent during 1 to 5 watering and dewatering cycles were 266, 311, 334, 340 and 355 g g-1, respectively. Results of field experiment showed that cotton yield was significantly affected by irrigation management and superabsorbent application. Application of 60 kg ha-1 superabsorbent along with irrigation intervals of 15 days was the best combined treatment in terms of fiber production. Moreover, experimental factors had no negative effect on the quality indices of produced fibers.Conclusion: Results of this experiment showed that superabsorbent application and deficit irrigation are the two potential strategies for cotton production in semi-arid regions, especially if low saline water sources are used.

In this paper the relation of compressive strength of portland cement at 28 days with it's phases and fineness in completing of the Bogue's experimental formula have been contemplated. The laboratory results indicate that there is a direct relationship between phases and fineness of the cement with its compressive strength. In the proposed experimental formulas, the portion of each cement phase and its fineness has been given by coefficients. For any given value of the phases and fineness of cement, the compressive strength could be obtained with acceptable precision.        

Introduction: Improved cultivars of crops are the most important factor in optimizing yield and quality of the products. Cotton is one of the most important industrial crops and enhancement of seed cotton yield, fiber quality as well earliness are among the objectives of new cotton cultivars development. Despite of the improvement and introduction of new cotton cultivars in Iran in recent years, new introducd cotton cultivars have also been registered, introduced and commercialized in the country. Therefore, the cultivation of new introduced cotton cultivars that are early maturity, high-yielding with good fiber quality has been included in the cotton production plan of the Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture of Iran. This experiment was carried out to evaluate and compare the seed cotton yield and its components, fiber quality characteristics as well as earliness of some new introduced and Iranian upland cotton cultivars. Materials and Methods:  To evaluate and compare the seed cotton yield, fiber quality and earliness of introduced and Iranian new upland cotton cultivars field experiments were conducted in two consequent growing seasons 2019-20 and 2020-21 in three provinces Ardabil (Moghan), South Khorasan (Birjand) and Fars (Darab) using randomized complete block design with four replications. Nine cotton cultivars including six introduced cultivars; Agn112, Agn117, Agn126, Speria, Tesla and Lodos and three Iranian cotton cultivars; Shayan, Armaghan and Golestan (control) were evaluated. Seed cotton yield and its components, boll number, boll weight, and fiber quality characters including fibers fineness, length, uniformity, strength, elongation, reflectance, yellowness and gin turn out as well as earliness was determined (ays from planting to the opening of 60% of bolls of each plot).   Results: Combined analysis of variance showed that the seed cotton yield and fiber quality were affected by cultivar, year and location at the 1% probability level. The highest seed cotton yield (4189.9 kg.ha-1), fiber fineness (4.73 micronair) and fiber strength (33.4 g.tex-1), earliness (116.5 days) and the lowest yellowness (7.98) belonged to the cv. Agn117. Seed cotton yield had positive and significant correlation with the number of bolls (r = 0.91***) and fiber fineness (r = 0.80**) and negative and significant correlation with fiber yellowness (r= -0.87**). Comparison of introduced and Iranian cultivars showed that introduced cultivars had higher mean seed cotton yield and boll number, and was late maturity as well as more gin turn out than Iranian cultivars. Cluster and biplot analysis results showed cv. Agn117 as the superior cultivar. Conclusion: Boll weight and number, earliness, gin turn out and fiber fineness were identified as determinant traits for improvement of seed cotton yield and fiber quality. These traits can be used for evaluation and selection of new improved cotton cultivars. Also, based on the results of this experiment the cv. Agn117 can be a suitable substitute for Iranian cotton cultivars in cotton growing areas in Iran.

This experimental work is a contribution to the improvement of the properties of the concretes by mechanical activation (fineness) of two types of cements (C.E.M II) manufactured in various cement factories (cements with various mineral additions: slag and tuff). The physical properties of cements (C.E.M II) activated mechanically at anhydrous state and the state hydrated (specific weight, consistency of the cement pastes, setting times and shrinkage) thus the characteristics of the concretes made at their bases, such as the mechanical behavior (compressive strength for the concrete) are studied. According to the experimental results obtained, it comes that the increase of the specific surface and the chemical composition of cements to the mineral additions are the principal responsibles to the improvement of the latent reactivity of mineral additions and the increase of the mechanical strengths of the concretes.

The present experiment was carried out to assess the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of six important commercial cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum L. of Venezuela, viz., ‘Deltapine 16’, ‘Tamcot-SP-21’, ‘Cabuyare’, ‘Stoneville’, ‘Ospino’ and ‘Acala 90-1’ and their 15 F1 hybrids, respectively. The data were analyzed using Griffing’s Model I Method II. Significant differences were found for all traits evaluated, except for seeds per boll and bolls per plant. Combining ability analysis of variance revealed significant differences for GCA and SCA effects among the parents and hybrids for almost all traits except for seed cotton yield ha-1 and fiber % for GCA and boll set, seed yield, and fiber % for SCA. The results suggested the presence of additive and non-additive gene action for almost all of the traits. The ratio GCA/SCA ranged from 0.59 for fiber fineness to 5.14 for plant height. Cultivars with the best (desired) GCA effects were cv. Cabuyare for blooming initiation, seed yield, and fiber fineness; Stoneville for plant height, stem diameter, number of fruit branches, number of set flowers, and boll weight; Tamcot-SP-21 for boll set and fiber fineness; Deltapine 16 for plant height, 100-seed weight and fiber length; Ospino for fiber strength. Also, the results revealed that Stoneville was the best general combiner for most of the traits. Finally, the correlations among GCA effects of the parents showed negative and significant associations of boll set with plant height and positive and significant associations of fruit branches with plant height, boll weight, and number of set flowers; of set flowers with plant height and boll weight; and of plant height with stem diameter.